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# vis2midi
Turn any 'top-down' or 'visualized' piano tutorial into a MIDI file.
Why MIDI?
- You can later create your own sheet and edit it with software like MuseScore
## Requirements
`opencv-python`, `json`, `os` and `midiutil`
> via `pip install opencv-python json os midiutil`
## How it works
This project uses machine vision (`opencv2`) on the easiest level: watching a few pixels change color and saving the time stamp.
This data gets later written into a MIDI file.
### There are currently two modes available:
> Switch between the modes by changing `with_color`
1. 'Background-mode' uses the default color of the keys to detect a changes.
This mode requires you to add the color for the white and black keys in the tutorial.
2. 'Highlight-mode' uses the highlight color of the keys to detect changes.
This mode requires you to add all colors used in the tutorial.
There might come other modes that combine both methods or use a better way to calculate color differences.
This script is not 100% accurate due to compression and other distortions (glowing effects etc.)
You can set your own tolerance for the colors to achieve the best results for your case.
## License
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later
See [COPYING](./COPYING) to see the full text.
Made with ❤ by [gilex](https://somepi.ddns.net)

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# This script creates coordinats for piano keys to later use them with makeMIDI.py
#
# Take a screenshot of your video (same resolution) and run this script.
# You may want to exclude some keys below or later edit them in the generated json file.
#
# feel free to use, edit & share
# Written by gilex, 2023 (https://github.com/gilex-dev)
import cv2
import json
notes = {'A""""': {}, 'A#""""': {}, 'H""""': {}, 'C"""': {}, 'C#"""': {}, 'D"""': {}, 'D#"""': {}, 'E"""': {},
'F"""': {}, 'F#"""': {}, 'G"""': {}, 'G#"""': {}, 'A"""': {}, 'A#"""': {}, 'H"""': {}, 'C""': {}, 'C#""': {},
'D""': {}, 'D#""': {}, 'E""': {}, 'F""': {}, 'F#""': {}, 'G""': {}, 'G#""': {}, 'A""': {}, 'A#""': {},
'H""': {}, 'C"': {}, 'C#"': {}, 'D"': {}, 'D#"': {}, 'E"': {}, 'F"': {}, 'F#"': {}, 'G"': {}, 'G#"': {},
'A"': {}, 'A#"': {}, 'H"': {}, 'C': {}, 'C#': {}, 'D': {}, 'D#': {}, 'E': {}, 'F': {}, 'F#': {}, 'G': {},
'G#': {}, 'A': {}, 'A#': {}, 'H': {}, 'c': {}, 'c#': {}, 'd': {}, 'd#': {}, 'e': {}, 'f': {}, 'f#': {},
'g': {}, 'g#': {}, 'a': {}, 'a#': {}, 'h': {}, 'c"': {}, 'c#"': {}, 'd"': {}, 'd#"': {}, 'e"': {}, 'f"': {},
'f#"': {}, 'g"': {}, 'g#"': {}, 'a"': {}, 'a#"': {}, 'h"': {}, 'c""': {}, 'c#""': {}, 'd""': {}, 'd#""': {},
'e""': {}, 'f""': {}, 'f#""': {}, 'g""': {}, 'g#""': {}, 'a""': {}, 'a#""': {}, 'h""': {}, 'c"""': {}}
source_img = 'img.png'
progress = 0
pitch_base = 21
start_note = ''
exclude_note = ''
only_white_keys = False
for note in notes.copy():
pitch = pitch_base + progress
if '#' in note or note.lower() == 'b':
if only_white_keys:
progress += 1
notes.pop(note)
continue
default = 'blackKey'
else:
default = 'whiteKey'
notes[note].update({'pitch': pitch, 'default': default})
progress += 1
progress = 0
marker_radius = 5
def draw_circle(event, x, y, flags, param):
global mouseX, mouseY, progress
# if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
cv2.circle(img, (x, y), marker_radius, (0, 0, 255), -1)
mouseX, mouseY = x, y
notes[list(notes.keys())[progress]].update({'w': x, 'h': y})
progress += 1
print(f'Note {progress}/{len(notes)} {int(progress / len(notes) * 100)}%')
img = cv2.imread(source_img)
cv2.namedWindow('image')
cv2.setMouseCallback('image', draw_circle)
while (1):
cv2.imshow('image', img)
k = cv2.waitKey(20) & 0xFF
if k == 27:
break
elif k == ord('a'):
print(mouseX, mouseY)
if cv2.getWindowProperty('image', cv2.WND_PROP_VISIBLE) < 1:
break
if progress >= len(notes):
print('Done!')
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
print(notes)
def save_profile(output_path, profile):
with open(output_path, 'w') as output_file:
output_file.write(json.dumps(profile, indent=4))
save_profile(f'profiles/{input("Profile Name: ")}.json', notes)

166
makeMIDI.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
# This script uses opencv to observe key-presses in piano-tutorial videos
# and converts them into a MIDI file
# feel free to use, edit & share
#
# To create your own layout run keyboard_editor.py and create a new profile
#
# feel free to use, edit & share
# Written by gilex, 2023 (https://github.com/gilex-dev)
import os
import cv2
import json
from midiutil import MIDIFile
DEBUG = False
frame_limit = -1 # -1 for whole source file
with_color = False # don't use default color of key
# USE BGR and NOT RGB
if with_color:
tolerance = 10
colors = {"whiteKey": {"blue_light": [255, 255, 163], "green_light": [113, 255, 252]},
"blackKey": {"blue_dark": [255, 132, 50], "green_dark": [29, 255, 100], }}
else:
tolerance = 40
colors = {"whiteKey": [255, 255, 255], "blackKey": [17, 8, 16]}
source_video_file = 'video_trim.mp4'
# User defined variables
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(source_video_file)
if not cap.isOpened():
print(f"Could not open : {source_video_file}")
exit()
length = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
if 0 < frame_limit < length:
length = frame_limit
width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
timeline = {0: {}} # buffer for timeline
pianoKeys = dict()
def load_profile():
count = 0
profiles = os.listdir('{0}/profiles/'.format(os.getcwd().replace("\\", "/")))
print("Select a profile")
for profile in profiles:
count += 1
print(f'{count}. {profile.replace(".json", "")}')
if count > 1:
count = int(input("Enter a number: ")) - 1
else:
count = 0
with open(f"profiles/{profiles[count]}", 'r') as input_file:
return json.loads(input_file.read())
def getTimeline(cap):
print(
f"{'-' * 20}\n Analyzing {length} frames of {source_video_file}\n tolerance = +/-{round(tolerance / 2.55, 2)}% \n DEBUG = {DEBUG}\n with_color = {with_color}\n{'-' * 20}")
count = 0 # frame count
prev_progress = 0
success, image = cap.read()
for pianoKey in pianoKeys:
pianoKeys[pianoKey].update({"lastCount": 0, "keyDown": 0})
while success:
count += 1
progress = int(count / length * 100)
if progress > prev_progress:
prev_progress += 10
print(f"Processing... {progress}%")
for pianoKey in pianoKeys:
v = image[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["h"], pianoKeys[pianoKey]["w"]] # numpy array
# if DEBUG: (f"{pianoKey}: {v} at frame {count}")
# if not len(pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"]): # not working anymore -> used to set color for keys with missing value
# pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"] = v
if with_color:
matched_channel = False
is_key = False
for color in colors[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"]]: # iterate trough colors
highlight_color = colors[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"]][color]
for bgr in range(3): # iterate trough (B, G, R)
if highlight_color[bgr] - tolerance < v[bgr] < highlight_color[
bgr] + tolerance:
# print(f'{i}: {pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"][i] - tolerance} < {v[i]} < {pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"][i] + tolerance}')
matched_channel = True
else:
matched_channel = False
break
if matched_channel:
is_key = matched_channel
break
else:
is_key = False
for i in range(3):
if not colors[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"]][i] - tolerance < v[i] < \
colors[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["default"]][i] + tolerance:
is_key = True
if is_key: # if pianoKey is not default color
# print(f"{pianoKey}: {v} at frame {count}")
if not pianoKeys[pianoKey]["lastCount"] == count - 1: # new keypress
pianoKeys[pianoKey].update({"keyDown": count})
if not count in timeline:
timeline.update({count: {pianoKey: 1}})
else:
timeline[count].update({pianoKey: 1})
else: # 'middle-frame'
timeline[pianoKeys[pianoKey]["keyDown"]].update({pianoKey: count - pianoKeys[pianoKey][
"keyDown"]}) # increment duration by 1 -> This is a VERY lazy and not optimized implementation by me.
pianoKeys[pianoKey].update({"lastCount": count})
elif pianoKeys[pianoKey]["lastCount"] == count - 1 and DEBUG:
print(f'{pianoKey} down from {pianoKeys[pianoKey]["keyDown"]} to {count - 1}')
if count == frame_limit:
break
success, image = cap.read()
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
if DEBUG: print(timeline)
def write_midi(beats, output_path, source_fps, title="vis2MIDI"):
# write to MIDI
# create your MIDI object
mf = MIDIFile(1) # only 1 track
track = 0 # the only track
time = 0 # start at the beginning
mf.addTrackName(track, time, title)
mf.addTempo(track, time, 60 * 30 / source_fps)
for frame in beats:
try:
for note in beats[frame]:
channel = 0
time = int(frame) / source_fps
duration = int(beats[frame][note]) / source_fps
pitch = pianoKeys[note]["pitch"]
volume = 100
mf.addNote(track, channel, pitch, time, duration, volume)
except KeyError:
print(KeyError)
# write it to disk
with open(output_path, 'wb') as output_file:
mf.writeFile(output_file)
def import_from_text(input_path):
with open(input_path, 'r') as input_file:
return json.loads(input_file.read())
def save_to_text(output_path, timeline_out):
with open(output_path, 'w') as output_file:
output_file.write(json.dumps(timeline_out))
if __name__ == "__main__":
pianoKeys = load_profile()
getTimeline(cap)
save_to_text(f'{source_video_file}.json', timeline)
timeline = import_from_text(f'{source_video_file}.json')
write_midi(timeline, f'output/{source_video_file}.mid', fps, source_video_file)

530
profiles/gilex's Piano.json Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
{
"A\"\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 21,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 10,
"h": 688
},
"A#\"\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 22,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 24,
"h": 642
},
"H\"\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 23,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 33,
"h": 688
},
"C\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 24,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 57,
"h": 688
},
"C#\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 25,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 67,
"h": 646
},
"D\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 26,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 82,
"h": 692
},
"D#\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 27,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 97,
"h": 642
},
"E\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 28,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 107,
"h": 695
},
"F\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 29,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 133,
"h": 693
},
"F#\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 30,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 140,
"h": 640
},
"G\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 31,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 157,
"h": 695
},
"G#\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 32,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 170,
"h": 647
},
"A\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 33,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 179,
"h": 691
},
"A#\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 34,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 199,
"h": 645
},
"H\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 35,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 206,
"h": 692
},
"C\"\"": {
"pitch": 36,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 228,
"h": 689
},
"C#\"\"": {
"pitch": 37,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 241,
"h": 641
},
"D\"\"": {
"pitch": 38,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 256,
"h": 691
},
"D#\"\"": {
"pitch": 39,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 269,
"h": 641
},
"E\"\"": {
"pitch": 40,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 282,
"h": 690
},
"F\"\"": {
"pitch": 41,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 303,
"h": 690
},
"F#\"\"": {
"pitch": 42,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 314,
"h": 640
},
"G\"\"": {
"pitch": 43,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 327,
"h": 691
},
"G#\"\"": {
"pitch": 44,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 343,
"h": 641
},
"A\"\"": {
"pitch": 45,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 354,
"h": 692
},
"A#\"\"": {
"pitch": 46,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 371,
"h": 641
},
"H\"\"": {
"pitch": 47,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 379,
"h": 692
},
"C\"": {
"pitch": 48,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 400,
"h": 691
},
"C#\"": {
"pitch": 49,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 415,
"h": 641
},
"D\"": {
"pitch": 50,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 429,
"h": 692
},
"D#\"": {
"pitch": 51,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 444,
"h": 639
},
"E\"": {
"pitch": 52,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 453,
"h": 693
},
"F\"": {
"pitch": 53,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 477,
"h": 690
},
"F#\"": {
"pitch": 54,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 489,
"h": 644
},
"G\"": {
"pitch": 55,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 502,
"h": 692
},
"G#\"": {
"pitch": 56,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 514,
"h": 641
},
"A\"": {
"pitch": 57,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 528,
"h": 691
},
"A#\"": {
"pitch": 58,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 544,
"h": 641
},
"H\"": {
"pitch": 59,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 552,
"h": 692
},
"C": {
"pitch": 60,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 575,
"h": 691
},
"C#": {
"pitch": 61,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 589,
"h": 640
},
"D": {
"pitch": 62,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 599,
"h": 691
},
"D#": {
"pitch": 63,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 617,
"h": 640
},
"E": {
"pitch": 64,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 628,
"h": 692
},
"F": {
"pitch": 65,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 648,
"h": 692
},
"F#": {
"pitch": 66,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 660,
"h": 639
},
"G": {
"pitch": 67,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 673,
"h": 689
},
"G#": {
"pitch": 68,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 689,
"h": 637
},
"A": {
"pitch": 69,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 701,
"h": 687
},
"A#": {
"pitch": 70,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 718,
"h": 637
},
"H": {
"pitch": 71,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 723,
"h": 690
},
"c": {
"pitch": 72,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 750,
"h": 689
},
"c#": {
"pitch": 73,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 761,
"h": 639
},
"d": {
"pitch": 74,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 774,
"h": 690
},
"d#": {
"pitch": 75,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 790,
"h": 636
},
"e": {
"pitch": 76,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 797,
"h": 690
},
"f": {
"pitch": 77,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 824,
"h": 688
},
"f#": {
"pitch": 78,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 834,
"h": 637
},
"g": {
"pitch": 79,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 847,
"h": 690
},
"g#": {
"pitch": 80,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 863,
"h": 638
},
"a": {
"pitch": 81,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 874,
"h": 690
},
"a#": {
"pitch": 82,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 890,
"h": 637
},
"h": {
"pitch": 83,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 898,
"h": 691
},
"c\"": {
"pitch": 84,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 923,
"h": 689
},
"c#\"": {
"pitch": 85,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 934,
"h": 636
},
"d\"": {
"pitch": 86,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 947,
"h": 692
},
"d#\"": {
"pitch": 87,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 962,
"h": 632
},
"e\"": {
"pitch": 88,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 971,
"h": 691
},
"f\"": {
"pitch": 89,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 998,
"h": 693
},
"f#\"": {
"pitch": 90,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1007,
"h": 633
},
"g\"": {
"pitch": 91,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1021,
"h": 693
},
"g#\"": {
"pitch": 92,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1035,
"h": 630
},
"a\"": {
"pitch": 93,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1048,
"h": 694
},
"a#\"": {
"pitch": 94,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1064,
"h": 631
},
"h\"": {
"pitch": 95,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1068,
"h": 691
},
"c\"\"": {
"pitch": 96,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1093,
"h": 692
},
"c#\"\"": {
"pitch": 97,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1107,
"h": 631
},
"d\"\"": {
"pitch": 98,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1121,
"h": 696
},
"d#\"\"": {
"pitch": 99,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1137,
"h": 627
},
"e\"\"": {
"pitch": 100,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1147,
"h": 695
},
"f\"\"": {
"pitch": 101,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1169,
"h": 695
},
"f#\"\"": {
"pitch": 102,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1180,
"h": 628
},
"g\"\"": {
"pitch": 103,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1194,
"h": 693
},
"g#\"\"": {
"pitch": 104,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1207,
"h": 628
},
"a\"\"": {
"pitch": 105,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1218,
"h": 695
},
"a#\"\"": {
"pitch": 106,
"default": "blackKey",
"w": 1237,
"h": 633
},
"h\"\"": {
"pitch": 107,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1240,
"h": 691
},
"c\"\"\"": {
"pitch": 108,
"default": "whiteKey",
"w": 1269,
"h": 688
}
}